Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology - Essay Example The broad shoreline in Greece, which includes inlets, for example, the one of Corinth and Thessalonica, which stretches out towards the ocean, gives an association as a methods for correspondence with the contiguous territories. This additionally has empowered the inside areas of the Balkans to add to the social offices in the Mediterranean (Smith and Anthon 990). The ocean likewise acted like a wellspring of worry on security matters. The seaborne right of passage from the north, west, and south through the Black ocean ingrained Greece, Peloponnese inclined to assault, and disarticulation (Larned and Reilly 1010). The Greece position on the Mediterranean Sea assumed a pivotal job in adjusting the climatic conditions in this way making its populace practice patio agribusiness. The ocean additionally gave a protected domain to exchanging, making it a rich center point for exchanging grapes and olives (Larned and Reilly 1010). The nearness of the mountains assumed a huge job in Greek folklore. The legends in the antiquated served to uncover how the world was shaped and controlled. The Greeks accepted that the essential divine beings made of Twelve Gods, or dodekatheon lived in mount Olympus (Smith and Anthon 990). Smith, William and Anthon, Charles. .Another old style word reference of Greek and Roman account, folklore, and topography: Partly dependent on the Dictionary of Greek and Roman life story and folklore. Chicago, CA: Chicago University Press, 1850, 976-1030.

Virtual Reality The Future Of Tomorrow Essays - Virtual Reality

Computer generated Reality: The Future Of Tomorrow Computer generated Reality: The Future of Tomorrow Albeit some uncertainty the capability of computer generated reality, the fact of the matter is our innovatively needy culture is making augmented reality a piece of regular day to day existence. Famous in computer games, augmented reality permits the client to absolutely control a modernized character. Each activity the client makes is imitated by the character and in a flash showed for the client. Be that as it may, since the mid 90s, the utilization of computer generated reality has created and taken the spotlight past advancing computer games. Augmented reality has just positively influenced fields, for example, flight, medication, and even meteorology. Where is this new innovation heading later on? As per the Millennium release of the Wall Street Journal, even preservationist conjectures recommend instruction, amusement, the working environment and the limits of human articulation will be enormously changed by computer generated reality (Cox 40). Progressively trend setting inno vation could place computer generated reality in the drivers seat of incalculable businesses. Lately augmented reality has just been associated with a few innovative zones. Indeed, even the individuals who have little information about the creation of computer generated reality are in all probability mindful of its utilization in computer games. Be that as it may, numerous individuals may not know about the various different territories where it has been applied. For instance, space explorer learners have as of late utilized augmented experience to reenact an excursion to space. Clinical understudies have subbed a corpse for a fiberglass form of a body and a headset when preparing to perform medical procedure. A well known online talk is forming into a general public of intelligent, vivified clients. Acquainting computer generated reality with this present reality has just demonstrated to be valuable for each industry it experiences. Welcome to the new universe of virtual innovation, the points of interest have just started. Augmented reality (VR), as characterized by The Newbury House Dictionary of American English, is encountering occasions that appear as though genuine by putting on uncommon eye glasses, hearing gadgets promotion gloves connected to a PC. With the assistance of these equipment gadgets, the VR clients activities thoroughly control of the PCs coming about activities. This control separates computer generated reality from recently created advances. On account of the incredibly quick handling rate of the PC, VR acknowledges the clients each move and shows the distinctions in the virtual condition. At the point when electronic media started, individuals were stunned, yet in addition as of now effectively impacted and convinced by the diversion. For instance, on Oct. 30, 1938, Orson Welless radio sanctioning of The War of the Worlds, had a few people accepting that a genuine outsider intrusion was happening. In closeness, TV and the motion pictures of today can indoctrinate individuals hugely. Next came the PC age with incalculable approaches to suffocate individuals in the diversion PCs give. Electronic games, alongside the Internet, are presumably the best supporters of keeping individuals inside, and what some consider as inert. The best impersonator of this present reality is computer generated reality. Computer generated reality can put the client anyplace doing anything possible. Need to take a crucial the moon? You can with augmented reality. Dont trust it? With computer generated reality, individuals are as of now on their way up. Maybe the main part of computer generated reality that isnt on its way up is the cost. Jaron Lanier is a PC researcher who set up the term computer generated reality in the mid 1980s. As indicated by the Wall Street Journal, Lanier communicated that: great augmented experience gear stays over the top expensive and that the product apparatuses required to make the computer generated simulation conditions stay rough and hard to utilize. Likewise with a wide range of data innovation, the expenses are dropping quick and the quality continues improving. In any case, for the time being, just a chosen few have encountered what will one day become an ordinary utilization of augmented reality. (Cox 40) Since the cost of augmented reality keeps on dropping, maybe the future will possess computer generated reality in almost every innovative circumstance. In any case, one thing is without a doubt: computer generated reality is changing the manner in which we see things. The individuals who see computer generated reality as an advantage to our general public, base their feeling on its prosperity all through various fields of study. Be that as it may, the issue isn't whether computer generated reality works, however in the event that it is genuinely useful. Not exclusively could computer generated reality become a

In Search of Peace essays

In Search of Peace expositions What the world needs today is a human progress dependent on affection and empathy, and not on rivalry. A human advancement that isn't kicking the bucket to be successful, however which is quick to live with harmony. These days psychological oppression, war and human killing are stylish. Ground-breaking countries control the less incredible countries as their right. Mankind is enduring because of merciless government officials. There is no harmony on the planet and inside oneself. Honest youngsters are asking their folks, instructors and companions what is happening around them. Everyone is looking for harmony. Where is harmony? The world religions some time in the past characterized harmony as individual duty regarding the prosperity of others. Let us help ourselves to remember that overlooked exercise and ponder how everybody of us independently can contribute towards harmony on the planet? Let us quickly overview the idea of harmony given by the world religions. Harmony implies opportunity from war and agitation. In old Hebrew idea, harmony was the nonappearance of war, yet additionally the prosperity, if not thriving, of individuals. A celebrated section which shows up twice in the Bible (Is: 2-4 Mi. 4: 1-3) portrays ... all countries are going to Jerusalem to become familiar with the perfect law; beating their blades into plowshares and their lance into pruning snares, relinquishing their blades and learning war no more. The investigation of Israelite customs shows that harmony was a social idea. It was obvious and created amicable relationship in the family, in nearby society and between countries. The greeting shalom communicated positive point of empowering kinship, collaboration and living respectively for shared advantage. The New Testament characterizes harmony as a methodical acquiescence to the endless laws of God, so harmony in the God's city is the ideal association of hearts in the happiness regarding God (19:13). The welcome of harmony as often as possible shows up in the New Testament. In the Quran, the Arabic word Salam has been utilized for harmony. It has been commonly utilized as a welcome... <!

The Shareholder Wealth Maximization Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

To understand and make it clearer, we should pay attention to several definitions of shareholder, stakeholder and theories of shareholder and stakeholder and what the differences between them are, and what debates between them? with the long-term ability of the corporation to remain a going concern. From the above views of the shareholder and stakeholder theory, I support the ideal shareholder wealth maximization should be a superior objective over stakeholder interest because as follows: As we know, from a modern financial perspective the main objective of a firm is to maximize its value to its shareholder. Value is represented by the market price of the companys common stock, which is a reflection of the 3 key variables: timing of cash flows, magnitude of cash flows and the risk of the cash flows that investors expect a firm to generate over time. Normally, profit maximization after tax (ETA) is regarded as the proper objective of the firm, but it is regarde d as a goal of maximizing shareholder wealth because total profits are not as important as earnings per share (EPS).  A firm could always raise total profits by issuing stock and using the proceeds to invest in Treasury bills for earnings.  Even maximizing profit per share, but, is not a completely suitable goal, firstly because it does not show the time factor or period of expected interest. Secondly, next mistake of maximizing EPS is that it does not take interest in the risk or uncertainty of the future return flow. So, there are several investment projects will more risky than others.  Consequently, the prospective flow of EPS would not be more ensured if these projects were undertaken.  Besides, a firm will be more or less risky to be conditional on the amount of debt in relation to equity in its capital structure.  This risk is considered as financial risk and it contributes to the uncertainty of the future flow of earnings per share too.ƚ  For instance, there are two companies A and B with the same of the expected future EPS. However, the earnings flow of the company A depends significantly more uncertainty than the earnings flow of the company B, so the market price per share of the company As stock may be lower. For the mentioned-above reasons, a maximization objective of EPS may not be the same as maximizing market price per share.  The market price of a firms stock represents the focal judgment of overall market participants as to what the value is of the particular firm.  It mentions to present and prospective EPS, the timing, duration, and risk of these returns, and any other factors relating to market price of stock. The market price is regarded as a performance index of firms progress and this let us know that how well management is running in behalf of its stockholders. In some circumstances the management goals perhaps differ from those of the firm stockholders.  In a corporat ion (especially it goes public) whose stock is extensively held, stockholders give a bit of their control or influence over the company operations.  When the company control is separated from its ownership, management may not completely try their best to do jobs for the best benefits of the stockholders. They perhaps feel satisfied to run and seek a growth level accepted and concerned a lot with maintaining their own existence than with firms value maximization to its shareholders.  The top important purpose to this management may be its own survival.  Consequently, this leads to unwilling to face with reasonable risks for their fear of making a mistake, hence becoming easily seen to the suppliers of capital from outside. Then, these suppliers may give out a threat to managements existence. To exist over a long time, management has to know to behave by a way that is reasonably suitable with maximization of shareholder value. However, the objectives of the partie s are not always necessary the same.  Maximizing shareholder value, subsequently, is a consistent example for how a firm  should  act.  When management does not follow these guides, we must recognize this as a restriction and make decision for the opportunity cost. This cost is measurable only if we decide what the result would have been had the firm attempted to maximize shareholder value. The purpose of capital markets is to effectively apportion savings in an economy from last savers to last users of funds who invest in real assets. If savings are interested in the top auspicious investment chances, a reasonable economic criteria must exist that manages their flows. In general, the savings allocation in an economy happens on the basis of expected return and risk. The market value of a firms stock is both of these factors. Accordingly, it reflects the markets equilibration process between returns and risk. If making decisions in accordance with the l ikely effect upon the market value of its stock, a business will only be able to attract capital from outside when its investment chances defend the use of that capital in the whole economy. However, this is not to say that management should ignore the questions of social responsibility and stakeholders interests. Namely, Social responsibility of a firm towards shareholders is to ensure good return on investment, towards employees is fair pay and working conditions, towards suppliers is prompt payment and fair procurement process, towards customers is fair price, safe product and after sales service and towards local community is providing jobs and supporting the community development activities, supporting education, and becoming actively involved in environmental issues like clean air and water. Hence, the stakeholders interest is the interest of stakeholders said above. The stakeholder interests sometimes conflict or influence with the shareholders interests in maximizing w ealth. Furthermore, the criteria for social responsibility and stakeholders interests are not clearly defined, making formulation of a consistent objective function difficult. Therefore, manager has to know to coordinate between the shareholder wealth maximization and its stakeholder interests with superior financial results. In conclusion, maximizing shareholder wealth is a superior objective which a business firm must obligatorily fulfill to survive. If firms do not operate with the goal of shareholder wealth maximization in mind, shareholders will have little incentive to accept the risk necessary for a business to thrive. However, this maximization of wealth is not understood to be at all costs. It will be a contented combination between shareholder and stakeholder interests with best financial results. Depending on each specific situation, each specific circumstance and each specific condition of firms, they can sort out what is the best solution for their organization.

Meteotsunamis Massice Tsunamis Caused by Weather

The typical tsunami, in peoples minds, is a wave pushed from below, either by an earthquake or by some sort of landslide. But weather events can cause them too in certain regions. Although local people in these places have their own names for these freak waves, only recently have scientists recognized them as a universal phenomenon with the name meteotsunamis. What Makes Them Tsunamis? The basic physical feature of a tsunami wave is its oversize scale. Unlike ordinary wind-driven waves, with wavelengths of a few meters and periods of a few seconds, tsunami waves have wavelengths of up to hundreds of kilometers and periods as long as an hour. Physicists classify them as shallow-water waves because they always feel the bottom. As these waves approach shore, the rising bottom forces them to grow in height and move closer in succession. The Japanese name tsunami, or harbor wave, refers to the way they wash ashore without warning, moving in and out in slow, damaging surges. Meteotsunamis are the same kind of waves with the same kinds of effects, caused by rapid changes in air pressure. They have the same long periods and the same damaging behavior in harbors. The main difference is that they have less energy. Damage from them is highly selective, limited to harbors and inlets that are well aligned with the waves. In Spains Mediterranean islands, they are called rissaga; they are rissagues in mainland Spain, marubbio in Sicily, seebà ¤r in the Baltic Sea, and abiki in Japan. They have also been documented in many more places, including the Great Lakes. How Meteosunamis Work A meteotsunami starts with a strong atmospheric event marked by a change in air pressure, such as a fast-moving front, a squall line, or a train of gravity waves in the wake of a mountain range. Even extreme weather changes the pressure by small amounts, equivalent to a few centimeters of sea-level height. Everything depends on the speed and timing of the force, along with the shape of the water body. When those are right, waves that start out small can grow through the resonance of the water body and a pressure source whose speed matches the waves speed. Next, those waves are focused as they approach shorelines of the right shape. Otherwise, they simply spread away from their source and fade out. Long, narrow harbors that point toward the incoming waves are affected worst because they offer more of the reinforcing resonance. (In this respect meteotsunamis are similar to seiche events.) So it takes an unlucky set of circumstances to create a notable meteotsunami  and they are pinpoint events rather than regional hazards. But they can kill people—and more important, they can be forecasted in principle. Notable Meteotsunamis A large abiki (net-dragging wave) surged into Nagasaki Bay on March  31, 1979 that reached wave heights of nearly 5 meters and left three people dead. This is Japans most notorious site for meteotsunamis, but several other vulnerable harbors exist. For instance, a 3-meter surge was documented in nearby Urauchi Bay in 2009  that capsized 18 boats and threatened the lucrative fish-farming industry. Spains Balearic Islands are noted meteotsunami sites, particularly Ciutadella Harbor on the island of Menorca. The region has daily tides of about 20 centimeters, so harbors are typically not made for more energetic conditions. The rissaga (drying event) on June 21, 1984 was more than 4 meters high and damaged 300 boats. There is video of a June 2006 rissaga in Ciutadella Harbor showing the slow waves tearing dozens of boats off their moorings and into each other. That event began with a negative wave, drawing the harbor dry before the water rushed back. Losses were tens of million euros. The coast of Croatia, on the Adriatic Sea, recorded damaging meteotsunamis in 1978 and 2003. In some places 6-meter waves were witnessed. The great eastern U.S. derecho of 29 June 2012 raised a meteotsunami in the Chesapeake Bay that reached 40 centimeters in height. A 3-meter freak wave in Lake Michigan killed seven people as it washed over the Chicago shoreline on June 26, 1954. Later reconstructions  show that it was triggered by a storm system over the north end of Lake Michigan that pushed waves down the length of the lake where they bounced off the shore and headed straight for Chicago. Just 10 days later another storm raised a meteotsunami more than a meter high. Models of these events, programmed by researcher Chin Wu and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin and the Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab, raise the promise of forecasting them when strong weather comes.

Cancer The Master Of Disguise Essay - 1882 Words

Cancer: The Master of Disguise Cancer, the second leading cause of death in the United States. It claims thousands of lives every day. From young to old, cancer does not discriminate by age, sex, race nor religion. By definition, cancer is abnormal multiplication of cells that spreads into surrounding tissues. It can also start anywhere in the human body. Most cancers actually start as tumors, which is a tissue mass that serves no purpose. Some people have no symptoms, and they usually do not find out until it is too late for effective treatment. I will be covering the different factors that can play a role in developing cancer, possible causes, symptoms, as well as ways of diagnosing, staging, different types of cancer, treatments, and side effects of treatments. Scientists really do not know everything that actually causes cancer. There can be genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that contribute to this disease. Lung cancers are linked to smoking, asbestos, radon gas, even genetic predisposition (example: where relatives smoking/non-smoking develop lung cancer, even though you did not.) The American Cancer Society suggested that there is a link between nutrition and cancer, and suggest regular activity and living a healthy lifestyle, along with dietary suggestions. While some cancers are caused by infections, take for example, cervical cancer, it is caused in most cases by HPV or human papillomavirus, which is a sexually transmitted infection. Genetic,Show MoreRelatedCancer : The Master Of Disguise Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesCancer: The Master of Disguise Cancer, the second leading cause of death in the United States. It claims thousands of lives every day. From young to old, cancer does not discriminate by age, sex, race nor religion. By definition, cancer is abnormal multiplication of cells that spreads into surrounding tissues. It can also start anywhere in the human body. 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Labor Management in Singapore-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a report on Effective Labor Management relation in Context to Singapore. Answer: Introduction The aim of the report is to provide the details related to the effective labor management relation in context to Singapore. The report includes the examples of how the aforementioned contributed to the competitive advantage of the nation. Labour management relation consists of the aspects of the industrial life for examples aggregate bartering, current inquiry, exchange unionism, employee assistance and in the administration of the conversion of work laws. Singapore trade union was formed in 1951; the trade union of Singapore underpins the brief Labour Front administration tormented by the work unsettling influence by the Lim Yew Hock administration that was deregistered by the activist shop workers union and the factory of Singapore. However, it was not till 1960s-mid, when National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), set up in 1962, rise completed the radical Singapore Association of trades unions (SATU), getting to be depolarised (Holly, Jennings, Wolters, 2011). Analysis of the roles of 4 key players of LMR The 4 main players of the LMR include workers, employers, government, and trade union. These players play a significant role in managing the labor relation in Singapore and the analysis their roles are discussed below: - Employers The employer plays one of the crucial and important roles in the labor-management relation. The employer of the country provides the work, pay, equity, safety, training and issue handling mechanism to the employees created on the employment contract. This role is performed by the employer so that they can satisfy their employees along with this by doing so they will be able to form a strong bond in LMR. The role of the employer is to provide the financial resources to expand the business within the country or outside of the expected ROI. This investment also leads to the welfare of Singapore and contribute to the management of relationships between the government and employer as the motive of the government is to bring welfare in the country. The employer of the company exercises power and control by the legal concept within its rights. The employer of the company has the rights and powers which they can use in managing the operation and core rights in the organization. This shows that the employer organization such as SNEF represents employer's concern to the government and trade unions. These employers take participation in the tripartite committees like NWC (Gan, 2010). Employees Employees play a vital role in the relationship of labor-management in Singapore. The employee's satisfaction is essential for the good relationship but this is also the fact that employees face some issues such as dependency on external specialists, most of the organization are moving to labor-intensive enterprises to diverse nations and many others. Most of the employees resist for such kind of changes in the organization and they seek the support from the trade unions. The trade union can directly coordinate with the employer for listening to the employees of the company. This is the reason due to which the employees try to manage the good terms with the trade union so that in return they can get the favor from them. Though, most of the workers working in the companies of Singapore are specialized due to the expansion in the retirement age (Singapore Country Commercial Guide , 2017). Most of the companies of Singapore want to pay low prices while hiring the specialist which is not satisfactory for the candidates. The candidates need to show the talent and skills that they have with them to prove they are eligible for the high salaries. In this case, they can take the help of trade union to bring changes in the salary structure for the specialist. These candidates are specialist because they have the experience and training of different companies with them. Most of the workers in Singapore should show their loyalty towards the company because of strong LMR. More than 30% of the workers switch their job every year and to make the workers retain in the single company the trade union perform their role (Employee Relations Management, 2015). The main role of the trade unions is collective bargaining that carries a good connection among the employees and employers. Trade union The main role performed by the trade union of Singapore include service function (provide advice), representative function (negotiation terms), regulatory function (protecting rights and interests), government function (protecting citizen) and public administration (Union of Power Gas Employees , 2017). These are the major roles which are performed by the trade union of Singapore and below given are some points which prove the same: - The NTUC of Singapore has accepted a pragmatic approach by working together with the employers and government that support in nation building and economic progress by doing so the trade union is able to accomplish the role of public administration. NTUC role includes the betterment of the workers which is done by the trade union by providing them support in their grievances against the employer, in getting fair wages along with this NRUC also fights for the well-being of the workers. This shows how the trade union is effectively performing the regulatory function (NTUC, 2017). NTUC take the strong step to take accountable, caring and strong labor movement that bring the modification in the industry. These strong movements get resolve after the negotiation among the employer and government for the benefit of society. The movements arise with the motive to enhance the productive but considering the mutual welfares. NTUC provide some advice to the government as well to the employer to amend the acts and changes in their policy considering the employees needs. Considering the advice government bring the changes in their formation and implementation of the act (NTUC, 2017). NTUC communicate about the decisions to employees after performing the role of negotiation with the employers and government. They try to make the employee understand that why they formed this decision(Ministry of Manpower, 2017). Government Government performs the role of the custodian of the worker and the financial organizer along with this the role of the government is to amend the acts for the betterment of the nation (Ministry of Manpower, 2017). The government of Singapore introduced act such as Trade Disputes Act and Criminal Law TP Act. The criminal law (Temporary provision) Act is a Singapore statue that came into existence in the year 1955. This act was formed with the objective to keep the public safety, peace and the good order of Singapore (Ministry of Home Affairs, 2018). Under this act, if the ministry for home affairs is pleased that any person has been related with the actions of the criminal nature then the ministry detain the person for any period not more than 12 months from the date of the order (Chu, Daffern, Thomas, Yaming, Long, O'Brien, 2015). There are certain strict guidelines in order to use the powers that are included in CL (TP) act which is essential to be followed by the company. Analysis of competitive advantage to Singapore through LMR The industrial relations of Singapore are considered by the tripartite relationship among the government, employers and the labor movement. This connection plays a vital role in forming the competitive advantage to Singapore. Some of the competitive advantages are discussed below: - Invitation to investors The key players of the Singapore LMR know the way to provide the invitation to the investors this is a competitive advantage of Singapore. This competitive advantage leads to the economic success and the social progress of the nations which is clearly below example: - In the year 2008, Singapore achieved the growth in the employment with the 2.95 million in 2008 to 2.99 million in 2009. The company faced the world-wide monetary crises in Singapore in the year 2009. Despite financial crises, the nation was able to bring the rise in the employment which clearly reflects the competitive advantage. In 2011, the world economic forum declared that Singapore ranks in a maximum competitive Asian country with the most supportive labor relations (NTUC, 2017). Workplace benefits The Singapore LMR plays an essential role in improving the workplace benefits which is one of the competitive advantages of the company. Some of the workplace benefits are discussed below: - Approximately 99% of the employees in the unionized sector receipts the benefit of the merciful leave of absence for the passing of close relatives up from 98%. The child sick leave provided by the employer to their employees increase by 1% and reaches 11%. Similarly, eldercare departs increased by 3% and reached to 11% from 8%. In 2014, there were only 88% employers who were agreeing to provide the marriage leave which increased to 91% along with this the Family-mind leave jumped 4% from 2014's 5% (NTUC, 2017). The major modification came in the programs of the additional paternity leave well beyond the one-week Government-paid paternity leave- which is 6% rather than 0%. These benefits are presented by the trade union of Singapore in front of the government because there is need of the approval from the government regarding the approval of the workplace benefits. Once the benefits are confirmed to the workers they get motivated and encouraged towards the work because they get the assurance that the employers and government are listening to the employees. This will enhance the productivity of the employees and leads to the growth of the business which is a competitive advantage (Chia, Chia, Sng, 2014). An act which was introduced by the government for the benefit of the employees: - PWM (progressive wage model) was spearheaded by the labor movement to enable the employees to accomplish the sustainable wage increase through improved abilities and advanced output. The objective behind the PWM is to help the Singaporean workers to climb the ladders of career advancement, productivity improvement, skills upgrading and wage progression. This model provides the support to the companies to retain their employees (NTUC, 2017). Listening to employees Listening to employees is another aspect which is a competitive advantage in a nation of Singapore through LMR. Listening to the employees grievances and thoughts ties the relationship of LMR into a strong bond. The employers listen to the issue faced by the employees and they can try to resolve the issue on a real time basis which leads to the satisfaction of the employees. If in case the employer of the company is not able to resolve the issue then the employee will take the help of labor union. Labour union deals the situation in their own way which might create the issues among the employer and trade union. The employer of the company welcomes the thoughts of employees which help in managing the smooth labor-management relations. This will improve the workplace environment of the company and also invite the multinational company to open their outlets in Singapore (Lloyd, Boer, Keller, Voelpel, 2015). The government of the nations has taken a step ahead for the improvement of the workers that helps the companies in generating the profitability which is essential to bring development to the nation. The ministry of the manpower is focused to develop the great workforce that helps in registering the secure future of citizen of the nation. Conclusion It can be concluded from the report that the labor-management relations in Singapore faced many issues which include increasing the lowest retirement age, re-creating jobs for the Singaporean, flexible and fair remuneration system, upgrading the expertise of the personnel by providing training to them. Though, the key players of the LMR faced the issue and tried to resolve it. The report includes the analysis and evaluation of the role performed by the employer, employees, government and trade union of Singapore. Moreover, the report includes the analysis related to the competitive advantage of Singapore through LMR. This is clear from the analysis that the role played by the key players in LMR creates the competitive advantage of Singapore. LMR is not only contributing to the growth and development of the country but also motivating and encouraging others to get involved in the welfare of Singapore. Bibliography Chia, S. E., Chia, A., Sng, J. (2014). A total workplace safety and health service-what are the implications for the employees and employers. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 43, 475-476. Chu, C. M., Daffern, M., Thomas, S., Yaming, A., Long, M., O'Brien, K. (2015). Determinants of gang affiliation in singaporean youth offenders: social and familial factors. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 7(1), 19-32. Employee Relations Management. (2015). Retrieved February 08, 2018, from Employee Relations Management: https://www.hrinasia.com/employee-relations/3-forces-threatening-singapore-labour-unions/ Gan, K. B. (2010). The Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) and Singapores Industrial Relations. Doctoral dissertation, University of New South Wales, Australia. Holly, W. H., Jennings, K. M., Wolters, R. S. (2011). The labor relations process. Cengage Learning. Lloyd, K. J., Boer, D., Keller, J. W., Voelpel, S. (2015). Is my boss really listening to me? The impact of perceived supervisor listening on emotional exhaustion, turnover intention, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(3), 509-524. Ministry of Home Affairs. (2018). Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act Factsheet. Retrieved February 08, 2018, from Ministry of Home Affairs: https://www.mha.gov.sg/Newsroom/speeches/Documents/CLTPA%20Factsheet.pdf Ministry of Manpower. (2017). Legislation for employment practices. Retrieved February 08, 2018, from Ministry of Manpower: https://www.mom.gov.sg/legislation/employment-practices Minsitry of Manpower. (2017). Labour Relations and Workplaces Division. Retrieved February 08, 2018, from Minsitry of Manpower: https://www.mom.gov.sg/about-us/divisions-and-statutory-boards/labour-relations-and-workplaces-division NTUC. (2017). Acts that Governs us. Retrieved February 08, 2018, from NTUC: https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home/industrialrelations/actsthatgovernus NTUC. (2017). Industrial Relations Landscape in Singapore . Retrieved February 08, 2018, from NTUC: https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home/industrialrelations/irlandscapeinsingapore NTUC. (2017). Progressive Wage Model. Retrieved February 08, 2018, from NTUC: https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home/industrialrelations/irprogrammes NTUC. (2017). Unions U. Retrieved February 08, 2018, from NTUC: https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home/industrialrelations/unionsandu NTUC. (2017). Working With Employers. Retrieved February 08, 2018, from NTUC: https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home/industrialrelations/workingwithemployers Singapore Country Commercial Guide . (2017). Singapore- 9.3- Labor Policies Practices . Retrieved February 08, 2018, from Singapore Country Commercial Guide: https://www.export.gov/article?id=Singapore-Labor Union of Power Gas Employees . (2017). Union of Power Gas Employees. Retrieved February 08, 2018, from Tripartism in Singapore : https://www.upage.org.sg/wps/portal/upage/home/ourwork/industrialrelations/tripartisminsingapore/!ut/p/a0/04_Sj9CPykssy0xPLMnMz0vMAfGjzOI9PF09Xd08jAwsDMJMDTyNDU2CQ4JDLb0DzPQLsh0VAcfRxaM!/

Strategic Human Resource Management free essay sample

In chapter one they describe the models of human resource management. There are five major HRM models. First, is The Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model, which use four key components to increase organizational performance. The components are selection, appraisal, development, and rewards. The next model is The Harvard model, which is offered by Beer et al. It has six basic components which are: situational factors, stakeholder interests, HRM policy choices, HR outcomes, Long-term consequences, and a feedback loop where the outputs go to the organization and the stakeholders. The third model is The Guest model. David Guest demonstrates in his model that HRM differs from personal management. The key components in his model are: an HR strategy, a set of HR policies, a set of HR outcomes, behavioral outcomes, a number of performance outcomes, and financial outcomes. The next model is the Warwick model is similar to the Harvard model but it goes more in depth by focusing on its key characteristics. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Human Resource Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The main elements of this model are: outer context, inner context, business strategy content, HRM context and HRM content. The last model is the Storey model. It has four main elements, which are: beliefs and assumptions, strategic aspects, the role of line managers, and key levers. In this model, Storey believes that there are differences between â€Å"personnel and industrials† and the HRM model by making an â€Å"ideal type†. Strategic Management is a process used by corporations to help them determine the long term productivity with managerial decisions and actions. Both these models and Strategic Management are made to help improve the productivity of businesses. The model that best represents a strategic approach is the integrative model of human resource strategy. It is the most strategic because it takes the strengths of the control-based model and the strengths of the resource-based model and combines them. The control-based model is used to supervise and control employee role performance. This means that managers have to come up with a system to ensure their workers are working to the best of their capabilities and are satisfied at the same time. It is more focused on managerial control. The resource-based model is more focused on the reward-effort aspect. They see their employees as an asset instead of thinking of them as a variable cost. The integrative model uses both of these ideologies and uses them in one model. This model has two main dimensions. It uses acquisition and development and locus of control. Acquisition and development means the company can either develop their employees or go our and acquire them from other companies. Locus of control focuses on monitoring employees. The main reason the integrative model is more strategic is because of its four ideal types of dominant HR strategy. They are: commitment, collaborative, paternalistic, and traditional. These four ideals break down the main points of the first two models. Commitment is focused on the outcome control and developing employees internally. Traditional is used for more process based controls and external recruiting of ability. Collaborative is basically outsourcing work. It is based on subcontracting work to people outside the company and evaluates the outcome. Paternalistic takes care of their employees. It offers opportunities for their employees to learn and be promoted by complying to the process-based control. c) There are three HRM approaches to organizations operating internationally. They are: adaptive, exportive, and integrative. The First, an adaptive IHRM orientation is where each affiliate of the parent has its own HRM system. This is to help the firms be more aware of the local culture. This orientation is more focused on differentiation rather than integration because it needs to know the local environment and each environment is different. A lot of the top manangers of corporations will hire local HR practitioners who know the surroundings well and are knowledgeable. The second, an exportive IHRM orientation is where the parent’s system is replicated to its different affiliates in overseas countries and emphasizes that the partners integrate and don’t differentiate. The negative side of exportive is that the IHRM approach can be viewed as inflexible. The inflexibility may lead firms away from the imposed practice HQ would want. The third approach is integrative. This is where the orientation combines both exportive and adaptive. Which means it uses the characteristics of the parent companys HRM system along with those of its international affiliates. By using the integrative approach it tries to use the best HRM approaches and exercise them throughout the whole organization (local and global). HRM policies and practices can transfer throughout the organization. It can go in any direction, from affiliate to affiliate, or from affiliate to the parent firm or from the parent firm to an affiliate. d) When running a business internationally there are a few limitations companies must be aware of to be fair and ethical. Companies should know what the cultures and beliefs are of the countries when taking their business internationally so that they do not offend people, which could hurt their expansion into these countries. It is important for companies to fulfill the customer’s likes and preferences in various locations. This means a company might have to produce a product or service that meets the needs and wants of the local people and is sensitive to their culture. Companies should be aware of differences in each country’s infrastructure. For example in certain countries they drive on the other side of the road and the driver is on the other side of the car. Car companies would have to be aware of this when they are designing products or services for these countries. A MNC should watch over â€Å"employment relations, consumer products, ecological controls and local testing†. They should be regulating all of the above as well as the exogenous factors so that they don’t harm the hoist countries employees, impede on their beliefs, produce products that won’t benefit the locals, and don’t destroy the local environment. Some companies have operated internationally because it is cheaper to hire workers and because the operating regulations aren’t as strict. In the past this has caused big controversies and disasters such as the one in Bhopal, India. Some countries have different beliefs about women working than others so companies would have to be careful when hiring women in certain positions so that they don’t offend the foreign country’s values. Companies should be careful when hiring women bosses. Especially exporting women bosses because not only is this taking jobs away from local people but it could cause an uproar in the community. This could be viewed as discrimination but unfortunately it is the way it goes in some countries. 2. The organization I am very familiar with is McDonald’s. McDonald’s is one of the biggest fast food chains in the world so it is important to have a good Human Resource Management system in place. Human Resources role in McDonald’s is to promote a high performance culture that is backed up by talented people and organizational resources necessary for maintaining greater business performance. They plan to achieve this by making processes, providing tools and passing on knowledge to leaders needed for developing and continuously improving its company’s culture. The HR practices that McDonald’s implements into its business are as follows. They deal with recruiting and hiring of employees, performance management, wages and salaries, organizational development, development and training of employees, safety, communication, employee motivation and benefits. Most of these practices are used in a strategic approach to Human Resource Management. They appear to have different branches of HR working on different things to zone in on certain aspects of the company to maximize their company’s output. For instance they have branches of HR working specifically on development and training of employees and within that branch there is a team working on a program called McMasters which entails the training and recruiting of workers that are older than 55 years of age. They also have another program that helps train physically handicapped people to work at McDonald’s. These two areas are specialized for certain people where as the rest of the McDonald’s workforce would normally train on the job and learn through something called â€Å"Welcome Meeting† which is mandatory and during this they would learn their job role, food, hygiene, safety training, policies and procedures, administration, benefits, and training and development. If you wanted to become a manager one would go to HU (Hamburger University) for their training and education. This is one example on how they are using a strategic approach because they are grooming and training their employees for possibly a long career rather than a short one. They are putting effort into educating their employees so that they help better McDonald’s future. Another way they are using a strategic approach is they are educating and training their managers at each branch to handle certain HR problems that would normally go to the HR department but instead can be handled on site. Another important task of HR is to make sure that they are fair and hire based on ability and not on race, religion, or sex. McDonald’s has made it a point to have a diverse workforce for which they are known for being one of the best companies for hiring minorities. They have their own branch dedicated to recruiting and hiring employees. Some examples of how they accomplish this is through job fairs at a university or in a community, advertising in a McDonald’s restaurant, or through their website. When dealing with the performance of their employees they use rewards and awards to show their accomplishments. An example of this would be their employee of the week or employee of the month plaques, which are shown on a wall in the office. Since they are such a big company they need a separate sector of HR dedicated to wages and salaries of the employees. The wages and salaries are based on experience and level of employee. Some ways McDonald’s are motivating their employees are through performance rewards and benefits such as health and insurance, compensation, rewards (money or promotion), and a recognition program. McDonald’s has applied a K/3 HR system into their company, which allows managers observe and keep updated their employee’s information of past and present. This system allows the manager to record personnel management, payroll management, and performance management. For example if an old McDonald’s employee decided to return to McDonald’s to work the manager could use the K/3 system to look up their old information and get a better understanding of where this person should be placed within the organization, what kind of salary they should earn, and what kind of benefits they should receive. These are the reasons why I think McDonald’s has done an excellent job at implementing a Strategic approach to Human Resource Management. They have taken the old HR and branched off making areas more specific and therefore more informative and beneficial. They have focused more on the long-term goals of the company rather than short-term goals. They have given more power and information to managers at franchises to be able to deal with HR problems when they arise. They have job division in their company but they try to have each employee experience each job so that they broaden their abilities, which is a form of SHRM.

Causes of the Peloponnesian War

Causes of the Peloponnesian War Free Online Research Papers According to Thucydides, the cause of the Peloponnesian war was the fear of the growth of the power of Athens throughout the middle of the 5th century BC. The Peloponnesian war was long awaited by Thucydides; in fact there were many reasons and events leading up to the start of military aggression. Resentment and tension between Sparta and Athens began after the Spartans chose not to continue in siege against the Persians but to return home. Nonetheless, the Athenians continued to fight and began to show that they had a strong military and could stand without the Spartans. Because of this many of the smaller city-states on the islands in the Aegean Sea and in northern Greece became Athens allies; thus, they became known as the Delian league. The Athenians were collecting taxes from the other city-states in the Delian league therefore their fleet had become by far the largest and most fearsome navy in the region in conjunction with their infantry advancement. This tax was in exchange for the protection that the Athenian fleet and army provided. One of the Athenian leaders, Pericles, used some of the tax money to rebuild the Athens walls, for defensive purposes, and to offensive military growth. This show of Athenian power frightened the Spartans, and Corinthians as well, who now saw the Athenian growth of power as a threat. Causing tension with the Spartans and Corinthians the Athenian navy came to the aid of the Corcyraeans against the Corinthians. The threatening Athenian strength became more apparent to the Spartans. This happened because Epidamnus became involved in a political struggle where the Democratic Party had taken control of the colony’s government and forced the aristocrats out of power. The aristocrats joined with a cruel, ruthless group and attacked the city and its surrounding areas seeking revenge from the democrats for their actions. Epidamnus began looking for help and sent a request to Corcyra for military involvement. Corcyra refused to help the Epidamnians in their political struggle and consequently they sought for the assistant of Corinth. Nonetheless, the Corinthians sent ships to stop the violence. The Corcyraeans saw the Corinthians interference as disrespectful so they decided to send their own ships to stop the Corinthians. Adding more fuel to the fire, the Corc yraeans made an alliance with Athens who already has their own feud with Corinth for many years. The Corinthian fleet engaged the Corcyraeans and consequently the Corinthians lost the battle. This defeat fueled the Corinthians passion against the Athenians even more. The final event that caused tension leading up to the outbreak of violence in the Peloponnesian War was when Potidaea, a member of the Delian league, rebelled against Athenian control. The city-state built barricades to resist Athenian army occupation which incited rebellion all over in the region in Chalcidice and Bottiaea. The Athenians sent troops into the region by ship, but they were also fighting the Macedonians in the same region and had difficult time suppressing that revolt. When Athens ultimately made a treaty with Perdiccas, the Macedonian leader, they were then turned-on by the Macedonians as they began fighting side-by-side with the Corinthians, who had come to the defense of the Potidaeans. Despite their recent setbacks, the Athenians were able to gain control of most of the region upon the arrival of reinforcements. Corinth called a meeting of the Peloponnesian assembly at Sparta because they saw that their own citizens were now trapped in Potidaea. Almost immediately following this meeting the Peloponnesian decision was to declare war because the complaints against the Athenian Empire were deemed irreconcilable. The Spartan and Peloponnesian demanded that the Athenians withdraw from Potidaea and that all the city-states in northern Greece be given their freedom. Despite the declaration of war, three ambassadors were sent to Athens over the course of winter in attempts to declare peace; however, neither side could come to a resolution. Nonetheless in the summer of 431 BC the Thebans, a member of the Peloponnesian League, attacked Plataea, Athens oldest ally. This drew Athens to Plataea’s defense, which in turn brought the Spartans and Corinthians to the side of their ally which marked the beginning of the Peloponnesian War. Research Papers on Causes of the Peloponnesian WarComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCapital PunishmentOpen Architechture a white paperThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Immigrant Access to Health Insurance and Medical Care Essay

Immigrant Access to Health Insurance and Medical Care - Essay Example Since many of them do not have health insurance, a single hospitalization is enough to drive most into financial insolvency and debt. Lack of health insurance in America approximately costs between $60 and $130 billion every year resulting from impairment of health and lost productive years of all uninsured people, let alone immigrants . Legal and illegal immigrants usually rely on a makeshift system of free hospitals and safety-net clinics, or even medical care at reduced prices, such as in the county and state owned facilities. They also have to rely on religious and charity-affiliated facilities. Immigrant reliance on these systems has led most communities and states, to voice their concern about health care costs that are uncompensated for these uninsured immigrants and the resultant local and state fiscal burdens. Access of Immigrants to Health Insurance Data from the US census indicates that it is more likely for immigrants to be uninsured than it is for native-born Americans. Non-citizen immigrants are thrice as likely to have no insurance at 44% as native-born Americans at 13% (Loue 782). Naturalized citizens come in at 17% being un-insured. Those who recently immigrated into the United States are more likely to be sans insurance with their rates of insurance increasing as their income increases. This can be explained by the fact that immigrants tend to get quality jobs with time and because their income increases with job experience and age. However, fewer immigrants tend to possess employer-sponsored insurance, which explains their lower insurance levels despite their high employment rates (Loue 782). The discrepancy between native-born citizens and immigrants persists in those that have income of less than $33,000 a year in a family of three (Loue 783). In the low-income category, 23% of native-Americans are uninsured when compared to 56% non-citizen immigrants. However, when low-income populations are considered, the reason for the insurance gap also changes. The main reason for this coverage difference among low-income citizens and immigrants has to do with fewer immigrants having access to public coverage for instance, Medicaid for the poor and Medicare for the elderly. Immigrants with low incomes also have minimal chances of possessing coverage sponsored by the employer or private means, although these gaps tend to narrow. Although, this data does not reveal the legality of these immigrants, it is vital that we recognize that sort of immigrants working and living in the US affects the profiles. Annually, the proportion of unauthorized immigrants has increased, which has caused the proportion of those who come in illegally to drop (Loue 783). These illegal immigrants are not eligible for state funded benefits and find it more difficult to secure private insuranc e. Private Health Insurance Access Insurance sponsored by the employer is the main form of health insurance for a majority of Americans, although this is not true

Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics - Essay Example He asserts that what we require, in order to live well, is maximum appreciation of the manner in which such goods as pleasure, friendship, virtue, wealth, and honor match together as a whole. In order to apply that general comprehension to particular situations, we must acquire, through significant habits and upbringing, the ability to view each occasion, which course of behavior or action is best backed by reason. Thus, practical wisdom and knowledge as Aristotle understands it, cannot be acquired by solely learning general rules. Human beings must acquire them through practice, social and emotional skills that ensure that we put our general comprehension of well being into practice in manners that are suitable to each occasion or situation. In his book 9 chapter eight, Aristotle explores the necessity of friendship in life of human beings. He argues that some people believe that when fortune is kind to them, they do not see the need of having friends, which according to Aristotle i s irrational thinking that expresses human selfishness. It is a disputed case whether a happy man requires friends or not. It is argued that those who are supremely self-sufficient and happy have no need of having friends for they posses things that are good and therefore being happy and self sufficient they need nothing further. On the other hand, a friend is another self which man is unable to provide by his own efforts. Aristotle argued that it seems weird when one gives all good things to a happy and self-sufficient man, not to give friends, who are viewed as the greatest of external goods. And if it is more plausible of a friend to do well by another person or man than to be well done by, and to bestow rewards is a characteristic of the good man and of virtue and it is rational and nobler to do well by friends than by unknown individuals or strangers. Therefore, the good man will need people for them to prosper and do well in their lives. This situation propels us to ask whethe r we need, friends in adversity or for success/prosperity, on the assumption that a man in adversity requires people to give rewards on him, and those who are successful need people to be more successful than they are. Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics tries to explain the system of principles contained in men and how they affect the society. A dynamic debate arises with a question of whether a man has a duty to love oneself most or someone else. People criticizes those who are most lovers of themselves by calling them self-lovers and tend to consider good men who act for honor’s sake, friend’s sake and endures his own interest. But facts conflicts with these arguments where it is said by men that, one should love best one’s best friend of which man in this case, is his own best friend and ought to love himself more. It is suggested that, possibly if those self-lover would act justly and temperately in assigning themselves the great share of wealth, bodily p leasures and integrity, then no one would blame them. Such people would therefore differentiate themselves from other self-lovers by striving towards what is noble and straining to do noblest deeds. This suggestion therefore, shows that a good man ought to be a lover of self. A complex question is moved to a

Is football to dangerous Essay Example for Free

Is football to dangerous Essay The life threatening spinal-cord injury that Buffalo Bills tight end Kevin Everett suffered on Sunday while trying to make a tackle adds urgency to a question that gnaws at the NFL with each passing season — is playing pro football worth the risks? Everett, 25, remains sedated and on a respirator at Millard Fillmore Gates Hospital in Buffalo following surgery to relieve the pressure on his spine. His orthopedic surgeon, Dr. Andrew Cappucino, had said Everetts chances of walking again are bleak or dismal. However, after Everett voluntarily moved his arms and legs on Tuesday, Cappuccino reportedly told a Buffalo TV station we may be witnessing a minor miracle. Its only the first week of the season, but already the list of injured players is growing. Both New York quarterbacks — Eli Manning of the Giants and Chad Pennington of the Jets — may miss games because of shoulder and ankle injuries, respectively. Orlando Pace, the all-pro offensive lineman from the St. Louis Rams, tore the labrum and rotator cuff in his right shoulder. He will miss the season. A steady stream of injuries marred Cincinnatis thrilling 27-20 win over the Baltimore Ravens Monday night: about a dozen Ravens visited the team doctor Tuesday morning for treatment. None, however, compare to Everetts tragic injury. The third-year Bill suffered a fracture and disclocation of his spine, in which the C3 and C4 vertebrae in his spinal cord were telescoped when he went in to tackle the Broncos Domenik Hixon on a kickoff return. Everetts helmeted head made contact with the hard plastic of Hixons shoulder pad, and he immediately dropped to the ground, his spinal cord shocked by the impact. He had a compressive load to his spine, and the spine doesnt handle those kinds of loads very well, says Dr. Joseph Kowalski, director of the Spine Center at Erie County Medical Center, and an orthopedic specialist who has spoken with Everetts doctors. This caused the vertebrae to separate and fracture. Of immediate concern with such a trauma are the ABCs — airway, breathing and circulation. Because the nerves that control breathing are located in the C3-4 area of the spine, doctors on the field and in the emergency room were initially focused on making sure that Everetts breathing and blood pressure were maintained. Kowalski notes that in the hours following his injury, Everett did have some sensation in his legs, although he could not move them. That could be an encouraging sign, but spine experts have seen enough spinal cord injuries to know that every case is different, and early response is not always a good indicator of later recovery. Everett may have damaged his spine in the way he dove in for his tackle, with a move known as spearing, in which a player contacts his opponent head first. Because the head and spine are aligned, in this position the spine tends to bear the brunt of the blow, which is why the National Collegiate Athletic Association banned spear tackling in 1976. Beginning in grade school, players are now taught to keep their head up during a tackle, and a sign reminding players to SEE WHAT YOU HIT! hangs in every NFL locker room. I played 20 years ago in high school, and my coaches really pounded home the need for good form, to keep the head up to maintain the curvature of the head and spine to dissipate any forces from impact, says Dr. Andrew Sama, spinal surgeon at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City. But everything happens so fast on the field, all it takes is a tiny change in head position to get you in trouble . It doesnt help that todays players are also bigger, faster and stronger, which means that each impact packs more punch. Since 1985, the average weight of NFL players has ballooned 10%, to 248 pounds, according to a recent study by Scripps Howard News Service. The heaviest position, offensive tackle, has gone from 281 pounds two decades ago to 318 pounds today. So, the dozens of high-speed hits that happen every game carry a higher likelihood of potentially hazardous results. While catastrophic injuries like Everetts remain rare, reports of concussions and other severe trauma on the football field are starting to pile up even at the high school and college level. In a study of high school and college football players published last summer, the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine found that between 1989 and 2002, on average of six players per year became quadriplegic after an injury on the field. Even more alarming was the cause of these catastrophic injuries — spear tackling. Especially on a kickoff or punt return, the whole purpose is to just collide with your opponent, to take somebody out, notes Sama. And when you have athletes at the top of their game going full force, unfortunately these things happen. Is better equipment the answer? Yes and no. Responding to the growing concern over concussions on the field, helmet manufacturers have added aid bladders to cushion the head as well as support to the cheek, jaw and facemask areas. But nothing has yet been developed that can protect the spine, especially during a spear tackle. The newer helmets are not going to significantly change the stress the neck sees as a result of a top-of-the-head blow, Andrew Tucker, team doctor for the Baltimore Ravens, says. Right now, the prevention of these types of injuries lies in proper tackling technique. Thats much more important than anything we can do on the equipment side. Under pressure by current and retired NFL players, many of them suffering from disabilities for which they are demanding benefits, the NFL is also addressing the worrying rise in concussions. For the first time, all players were required to take neuropsychological tests by the start of the 2007 season. Doctors can then use these results to establish a baseline of cognitive abilities, memory and motor skills against which they can compare scores after a head injury. The league also added a concussion hotline that players can anonymously call if coaches are forcing them to play against medical advice. Such measures wont prevent catastrophic injuries on the gridiron, but they may help to keep them to a minimum. by TaboolaSponsored ContentFROM THE WEB The New Miss Israel reThink Israel 7 Flexible Degrees You Can Earn On The Wee†¦ Yahoo Education Little Known Way to Pay Off Mortgage One Smart Penny $6 Billion Vanishes From State Dept. 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18th and 19th century view on nature :: essays research papers

Through the ingenious works of poetry the role of nature has imprinted the 18th and 19th century with a mark of significance. The common terminology ‘nature’ has been reflected by our greatest poets in different meanings and understanding; Alexander Pope believed in reason and moderation, whereas Blake and Wordsworth embraced passion and imagination. The 18th century was known as the Age of Reason, where the focus was on the search for truth and clarity in the world of disorder through reason. Alexander Pope displays his views and beliefs on world through his infamous poem "Essay on Man." Pope depicts the role of nature in the 18th century by setting the poem in a garden. Not only does the garden parallel John Milton's "Paradise Lost," the garden symbolize the limitations of man. Pope wants to convey the importance of how man must accept his own limitations and lead his life to "vindicate the ways of G-d to man." However, we must yield to our pride and take responsibilities of our actions by not blaming G-d. â€Å"Cease then, nor order imperfection name: Our proper bliss depends on what we blame.† Through the poems of Blake and Wordsworth, the meaning of nature expands far beyond the earlier century's definition of nature. "The road of excess leads to the palace of wisdom." The passion and imagination portrayal manifest this period unquestionably, as the Romantic Era. Nature is a place of solace where the imagination is free to roam. Wordsworth contrasts the material world to the innocent beauty of nature that is easily forgotten, or overlooked due to our insensitivities by our complete devotion to the trivial world. â€Å"But yet I know, where’er I go, that there hath passed away a glory from the earth.

Fast food restaurant Essay

The pace of modern life is fast, and nowhere is it faster than in America. We want fast transportation, fast communication, fast computers, fast photos, fast music, fast repairs, and fast service from the businesses we patronize. It is from the last of these that we got fast food. At first, it was a matter of fast service. Fountain and Fast Food Service was the title of a trade magazine, which published statements like this from 1951: â€Å"The partners have become old hands at spotting the type of conventioneer that will patronize their fast food service. † Gradually service disappeared, and in 1954 we find fast food by itself in the title â€Å"Fountain and Fast Food. † Incidentally, the trade magazine renamed itself Fast Food by 1960. In February of that year, the magazine noted, â€Å"Delicate scallops are really fast food†¦ because they come ready to cook. † And in July it remarked, â€Å"Fast food type restaurants do the lion’s share of business for breakfast and noon meals eaten out. † The fast food revolution was a quick success throughout the land, and two decades later it was conquering the world. â€Å"The U. S.outcry against infiltration from the south is matched in vehemence by our neighbors’ outcry against fast-food imperialism and the gradual Americanization of their own societies. † noted the Christian Science Monitor in 1982. Thanks to fast food, families that formerly ate home cooking now eat out or bring back take-home fast food in record numbers. Its virtue is speed, not quality. Its less than ideal nutritional value may have influenced the coining of another term twenty years later, one that also puts a four-letter epithet in front of food: junk food (1973). Gale Encyclopedia of US History: Fast FoodTop. Home > Library > History, Politics & Society > US History Encyclopedia Fast food is what one eats in the vast majority of America’s restaurants. The term denotes speed in both food preparation and customer service, as well as speed in customer eating habits. The restaurant industry, however, has traditionally preferred the designation â€Å"quick service. † For hourly wage earners—whether factory hands or store clerks—take-out lunch wagons and sit-down lunch counters appeared at factory gates, streetcar stops, and throughout downtown districts in the late nineteenth century. For travelers, lunch counters also appeared in railroad stations nationwide. Fried food prevailed for its speed of preparation, as did sandwich fare and other fixings that could be held in the hand and rapidly eaten, quite literally, â€Å"on the run. † Novelty foods, such as hot dogs, hamburgers, french fries, came to dominate, first popularized at various world’s fairs and at the nation’s resorts. Soft drinks and ice cream desserts also became a mainstay. Thus, â€Å"fast food† also came to imply diets high in fat and caloric intake. By the end of the twentieth century, the typical American consumed some three hamburgers and four orders of french fries a week. Roughly a quarter of all Americans bought fast food every day. The rise of automobile ownership in the United States brought profound change to the restaurant industry, with fast food being offered in a variety of â€Å"drive-in† restaurant formats. Mom-and-pop enterprise was harnessed, largely through franchising, in the building of regional and national restaurant chains: Howard Johnson’s, Dairy Queen, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, and Taco Tico. Place-product-packaging was brought forcefully to the fore; each restaurant in a chain variously shares the same logo, color scheme, architectural design motif, and point-of-purchase advertising, all configured in attention-getting, signlike buildings. Typically, fast food restaurants were located at the â€Å"roadside,† complete with driveways, parking lots, and, later, drive-through windows for those who preferred to eat elsewhere, including those who ate in their cars as â€Å"dashboard diners. † Critical to industry success was the development of paper and plastic containers that kept food hot and facilitated â€Å"carry-out. † Such packaging, because of the volume of largely nonbiodegradable waste it creates, has become a substantial environmental problem. In 2000, Mcdonalds—the largest quick-service chain—operated at some 13,755 locations in the United States and Canada. The company’s distinctive â€Å"golden arches† have spread worldwide, well beyond North America. Abroad, fast food came to stand as an important symbol of American cultural, if not economic, prowess. And, just as it did at home, fast food became, as well, a clear icon of modernity. Historically, fast food merchandising contributed substantially to the quickening pace of American life through standardization. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, it fully embraced mass production and mass marketing techniques, reduced to the scale of a restaurant. Chains of restaurants, in turn, became fully rationalized within standardized purchasing, marketing, and management systems. Such a system depends on a pool of cheap, largely unskilled labor, the quick service restaurant industry being notorious for its low wages and, accordingly, its rapid turnover of personnel. Bibliography Jakle, John A. , and Keith A. Sculle. Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. Pillsbury, Richard. No Foreign Food: The American Diet and Place. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press, 1998. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. New York: HarperCollins, 2002. —John A. Jakle Gale Encyclopedia of Food & Culture: Fast FoodTop Home > Library > Food & Cooking > Food & Culture Encyclopedia What is termed â€Å"fast food† in the United States today most commonly consists of hot, freshly prepared, and wrapped food items, served to customers across a counter or through a drive-up window. Known as both â€Å"fast food† and â€Å"quick-service food† in the restaurant industry, these items are routinely sold and delivered in an amount of time ranging from a few seconds to several minutes; they now vary widely in food type, encompassing virtually all kinds of meats, preparation methods, and ethnic cuisines. Inexpensive hamburgers and french fried potatoes are still the products most readily identified as fast food, but the list of items sold in the format continually increases. Fried fish and shellfish, hot dogs, chicken, pizza, roast beef, and pasta are commonly sold at quick-service outlets. In addition to these staples, many quick-service restaurants sell a broad menu of Americanized Mexican, Greek, and Chinese foods. Some fast-food outlets offer specialty items, such as sushi, clams, or ribs, and others even sell complete â€Å"home-cooked† meals over their counters. Though menus and delivery formats vary greatly, fast food’s chief common denominators include immediate customer service, packaging â€Å"to go,† and inexpensive pricing. The precise origins of fast food are vague, probably predating written history. Hungry people are as old as civilization itself, as are entrepreneurs eager to satisfy their hunger. Food vendors in ancient cities sold prepared items to passersby on the street. The actual foods varied greatly, depending on period and culture, but they generally comprised simple, inexpensive fare sold to people of modest means. Immigrants brought a variety of food styles to America, often preserving these for decades as a comforting connection with their ethnic past. Though many immigrant foodways were elaborate and ritualistic, most groups had one or two simple items that they consumed on a daily basis. As a rule, immigrant groups preferred their indigenous grains: corn from the Americas, rice from Asia, and wheat from Europe. Often these served as the basis for the â€Å"peasant† foods of their homelands. Pasta and flat breads came over with Italians; tortillas, beans, and tamales arrived with northbound Mexicans; and Germans brought dark breads, along with a variety of fatty sausages (which later mutated into the hot dog). Asian immigrants continued to eat rice as the basis of their diet. In the early twentieth century fast food remained primarily the fare of the masses. Vendors wheeled their pushcarts daily to factory gates, selling their wares to hungry workers. Often catering to the tastes of the particular factory’s dominant ethnic group, they charged customers pennies for basic items such as sausages, meatballs, or stew. Though popular among male industrial workers, this pushcart version of fast food never became mainstream cuisine. The urban diner was the transitional phase between the vendor’s pushcart and modern fast food. Most early diners were small restaurants, with limited seating, sometimes constructed out of converted railway carriages or streetcars. They served simple foods to working-class customers on a â€Å"short-order† basis, usually cooking each meal individually when ordered. Menus varied, but fried foods were common. Though diners often emphasized speed in delivering food, customers routinely lingered before and after eating. The hamburger still stands out as the single most important American fast food, though the precise origin of this meat sandwich is the subject of historical disagreement. People have eaten chopped beef throughout the ages, and it was long a fixture in many world cultures. The lineage of the American hamburger seems to point directly, as its name indicates, back to the German city of Hamburg. First appearing on American restaurant menus in the mid-nineteenth century, ground beef patties bore the title â€Å"hamburg steak. † By the century’s close, vendors regularly sold meatballs wrapped in slices of bread at county fairs and summer festivals. Regional legends attribute the invention of this snack to several different individuals, but its true originator remains a mystery. The Rise of Modern Fast Food Our modern image of the fast-food restaurant dates back to 1916, when Walt Anderson began selling â€Å"hamburger sandwiches† from an outdoor stand on a Wichita street corner. Anderson simply flattened a meatball and placed it between two halves of a bun. His sandwich quickly became popular, attracting long lines of hungry buyers. By 1921, Anderson had joined local insurance broker Edgar â€Å"Billy† Ingram to form the White Castle System. After opening several identical restaurants in Wichita during their first year, the partners quickly spread their business to neighboring cities, then to nine major urban areas throughout the Midwest and on the East Coast. What separated the White Castle System from earlier short-order restaurants was its very streamlined menu, comprising only hamburgers, coffee, Coca-Cola, and pie; a uniform architectural style; and strict standardization of food quality, preparation methods, and employee performance. By the close of the 1920s, White Castle’s aggressive marketing and rapid spread had made the hamburger one of the most popular foods in America. Other entrepreneurs soon noticed White Castle’s success in the hamburger business. Very closely copying White Castle’s products, architecture, and company name, competing new chains also thrived, carrying the hamburger craze across the nation to smaller cities and towns. The White Tower chain appeared in 1925, eventually challenging White Castle’s dominance in several northern cities. Krystal’s, opened in 1929 in Chattanooga, soon became the hamburger powerhouse of the southeastern states. White Castle’s hamburger sandwich, along with its many imitators, became a daily staple for many working-class Americans. It proved so successful, in fact, that by 1930 the president of the American Restaurant Association identified the fast-food hamburger as the most important food item in the nation. Hamburgers became even more a mainstream food during the 1930s. The larger restaurant chains began marketing their products to middle-class buyers, and even more Americans became burger lovers. Despite the harsh economy of the Great Depression, most fast-food chains continued to thrive, and in many cases grew considerably. Most continued selling the White Castle–style hamburger, but late in the decade the Big Boy chain spread east from California, introducing its new double-decker hamburger sandwich along the way. By the end of the Depression, America was a solidly hamburger-eating culture. After prospering in the Depression, however, the fast-food industry suffered a serious setback during World War II. Shortages of necessary foodstuffs, such as meat, sugar, tomatoes, and coffee, meant limited menu offerings and often a significant loss of business. Attempting to continue providing meals to their customers, fast-food restaurants experimented with different items that were still in abundance, including soy patties, chili, and french fried potatoes. Even more damaging than commodity shortages was the very low unemployment rate, which meant that most workers bypassed the restaurant industry in favor of higher-paying work. Adjusting to this labor shortage, chains soon replaced their all-male workforce with women and teenagers, two groups who would become their most common employees. Despite attempts to find palatable alternative foods, and despite the shifts in workforce, much of the fast-food industry was a casualty of the war; by 1945, more than half of America’s restaurants had closed down, including several of the major fast-food chains. Rebuilding the fast-food industry after the war proved a slow process. No single chain emerged to claim dominance, and little innovation occurred. Individual companies struggled to restore their prewar prosperity, and new regional chains tried to gain a foothold. Suffering the effects of escalating costs and still under the threat of continued shortages due to unstable food supplies in war-torn countries, fast-food restaurants often had to double prices to remain in business. As population shifted from America’s cities to suburbia during the 1950s, the fast-food industry quickly followed. Early chains such as White Castle and White Tower, resisting moving to the suburbs, were quickly eclipsed by upstart franchised chains. Burger King and McDonald’s outlets became common fixtures at suburban crossroads, selling burgers, fries, and shakes to hungry families. Burger King’s Jim McLamore and McDonald’s Ray Kroc each sought to build one of his restaurants in every American town, and they opened hundreds of new Burger Kings and McDonald’s each year in the 1960s. To accomplish this rapid expansion, they relied heavily on franchise investors, enforced strict product uniformity throughout their chains, and aggressively advertised in every newly opened territory. With McDonald’s and Burger King’s success, Burger Chef outlets soon appeared nearby. Arby’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, and Taco Bell were not far behind. By the late 1960s, fast food no longer meant just hamburger restaurants, but had diversified to include quick-service pizza, roast beef, chicken, and tacos. To give an idea of the dimensions to which the fast-food industry has grown, in 1999 Americans consumed over 26 billion pounds of beef, much of it as hamburgers. In that year McDonald’s alone had more than ten thousand restaurants in the United States, from which it grossed in excess of $13 billion in revenue. Criticism of Fast Food Despite the widespread popularity of fast food in modern American culture, critics abound. Since the 1930s, articles and books have condemned the industry, exposing allegedly poor sanitary conditions, unhealthy food products, related environmental problems, and unfair working conditions. Whether it warrants the attention or not, the fast-food industry is still regularly cited for exploiting young workers, polluting, and contributing to obesity and other serious health problems among American consumers. American beef consumption, and more specifically the fast-food hamburger industry, is often blamed for the burning of the Amazon rain forests to make way for more grazing lands for beef cattle. Early foes of fast food cited the deplorable filth of many hamburger stands, in addition to claiming that the beef ground for their sandwiches was either spoiled, diseased, or simply of low quality. In fact, many critics maintained that much of the meat used in fast-food hamburgers came from horse carcasses. The high fat content of fast food was also controversial. Despite deceptive industry claims about the high quality and the health benefits of their products, in the 1920s and 1930s concerned nutritionists warned the public about the medical dangers of regular burger consumption. This distrust and criticism of fast food continue today, extending even further to include dire warnings about the industry’s use of genetically modified and antibiotic-laden beef products. Most major chains have responded to recent attacks by prominently posting calorie and nutritional charts in their restaurants, advertising fresh ingredients, and offering alternatives to their fried foods. Despite a few more health-conscious items on the menu, fast-food chains now aggressively advertise the concept that bigger is better, offering large â€Å"super-size† or â€Å"biggie† portions of french fries, soft drinks, and milkshakes. Critics point to this marketing emphasis as a reason for an excessive and greatly increasing per-capita caloric intake among fast-food consumers, resulting in fast-growing rates of obesity in the United States. Increased litter is another problem that critics have blamed on the fast-food industry. Selling their products in paper wrappings and paper bags, early outlets created a source of litter that had not previously existed. Wrappers strewn about city streets, especially those close to fast-food restaurants, brought harsh criticism, and often inspired new local ordinances to address the problem. Some municipalities actually forced chains to clean up litter that was imprinted with their logos, but such sanctions were rare. Fast-food wrappers became part of the urban, and later suburban, landscape. Since bags and wrappers were crucial in the delivery of fast food, the industry as a whole continued to use disposable packaging, superficially assuaging public criticism by providing outside trash receptacles for the discarded paper. Years later, environmentalists again attacked the industry for excessive packaging litter, criticizing both the volume and the content of the refuse. By the early 1970s, the harshest criticisms focused more on the synthetic materials used in packaging, and less on the carelessly discarded paper. Critics derided the industry’s use of styrofoam sandwich containers and soda cups, claiming that these products were not sufficiently biodegradable and were clogging landfills. Facing mounting opposition from a growing environmental movement, most of the major chains returned to packaging food in paper wrappings or small cardboard boxes. Labor activists have criticized fast-food chains’ tendency to employ inexpensive teenage workers. Usually offering the lowest possible wages, with no health or retirement benefits, these restaurants often find it difficult hiring adults for stressful, fast-paced jobs. Many critics claim that the industry preys on teenagers, who will work for less pay and are less likely to organize. Though these accusations may have merit, the industry’s reliance on teenage labor also has inherent liabilities, such as a high employee turnover rate, which result in substantial recruiting and training costs. Companies have countered criticism about their use of teenage workers with the rationale that they offer young people entry-level work experience, teaching them: both skills and responsibility. Despite the relentless attacks, hundreds of millions of hungry customers eat fast food daily. The media constantly remind American consumers about its supposed evils. Most are conscious of the health risks from fatty, greasy meals; most realize that they are being served by a poorly paid young worker; and if they choose to ponder it, most are aware that the excessive packaging causes millions of tons of trash each year. But they continue to purchase and eat fast food on a regular basis. Fast food remains central to the American diet because it is inexpensive, quick, convenient, and predictable, and because it tastes good. Even more important, Americans eat fast food because it is now a cultural norm. As American culture homogenized and became distinctively â€Å"American† in the second half of the twentieth century, fast food, and especially the hamburger, emerged as the primary American ethnic food. Just as the Chinese eat rice and Mexicans eat tamales, Americans eat burgers. And fast food has grown even beyond being just a distinctive ethnic food. Since the 1960s, the concept has extended far beyond the food itself, with the term becoming a common descriptor for other quick-service operations, even a metaphor for many of the negative aspects of mainstream American life. Theorists and pundits sometimes use the term â€Å"fast food† to denigrate American habits, institutions, and values, referring to them as elements of a â€Å"fast-food society. † In fact, â€Å"fast-food† has become a frequently used adjective, implying not only ready availability but also superficiality, mass-produced standardization, lack of authenticity, or just poor quality. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, fast food gained additional economic and cultural significance, becoming a popular American export to nations around the world. Some detractors claim that it is even deliberately used by the United States, as a tool of cultural imperialism. The appearance of a McDonald’s or Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant on the streets of a foreign city signals to many the demise of indigenous culture, replacing another country’s traditional practices and values with American materialism. In fact, the rapid spread of American fast food is probably not an organized conspiracy, rather more the result of aggressive corporate marketing strategies. Consumers in other countries are willing and able to buy fast-food products, so chains are quick to accommodate demand. Thought of around the world as â€Å"American food,† fast food continues its rapid international growth. Bibliography Boas, Max, and Steve Chain. Big Mac: The Unauthorized Story of McDonald’s. New York: Dutton, 1976. Emerson, Robert, L. Fast Food: The Endless Shakeout. New York: Lebhar-Friedman, 1979. Halberstam, David. The Fifties. New York: Villard Books, 1993. Chapter 11 discusses the origins of the McDonald’s empire. Hogan, David Gerard. Selling ’em by the Sack: White Castle and the Creation of American Food. New York: New York University Press, 1997. Jakle, John A. , and Keith A. Sculle. Fast Food: Roadside Restaurants in the Automobile Age. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999. Langdon, Philip. Orange Roofs, Golden Arches: The Architecture of American Chain Restaurants. New York: Knopf, 1986. McLamore, James, W. The Burger King: Jim McLamore and the Building of an Empire. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998. Mariani, John. America Eats Out. New York: William Morrow, 1991. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. Tennyson, Jeffrey. Hamburger Heaven: The Illustrated History of the Hamburger. New York: Hyperion, 1993. Witzel, Michael Karl. The American Drive-In: History and Folklore of the Drive-In Restaurant in the Car Culture. Osceola, Wisc. : Motorbooks International, 1994. —David Gerard Hogan AMG AllGame Guide: Fast FoodTop Home > Library > Entertainment & Arts > Games Guide Release Date: 1989 Genre: Action. Style: Maze Random House Word Menu: categories related to ‘fast food’Top Home > Library > Literature & Language > Word Menu Categories Random House Word Menu by Stephen Glazier For a list of words related to fast food, see: Cuisines, Meals, and Restaurants – fast food: cheap, mass-produced dishes served quickly at walk-in or drive-in outlets; convenience food Wikipedia on Answers. com: Fast foodTop Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Wikipedia For other uses, see Fast food (disambiguation). A typical fast food meal in the United States includes a hamburger, french fries, and a soft drink. Pictured here are burgers from In-N-Out Burger McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken and Pizza Hut fast food restaurants in the United Arab Emirates Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. The term â€Å"fast food† was recognized in a dictionary by Merriam–Webster in 1951. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating,[1] or fast food restaurants (also known as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations. [2] Contents 1 History 1. 1 Pre-modern Europe 1. 2 United Kingdom 1. 3 United States 2 On the go 2. 1 Filling stations 2. 2 Street vendors and concessions 3 Cuisine 3. 1 Variants 4 Business 5 Employment 6 Globalization 7 Criticism 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links History.